What Is The Role Of Surfactant In Respiration?

(1954) Nicholas Ray, Luc B.

small band lucky ... Either you are one of those who knew JOHNNY GUITAR and you drool in advance of the evocation of this masterpiece, or you're someone who does not know him, and you drool at the thought of discovering ... In DEBLOCNOT 'everybody wins!

JOHNNY GUITAR is a western directed by Nicholas Ray, 1954. Ray is also the author of Rebel Without a Cause with James Dean , Pounce with Robert Taylor and before that LOVERS OF THE NIGHT with Farley Granger, THE VIOLENT with Humphrey Bogart. What initially was to be a western series, turns into a lyrical drama and violent, driven by Nicholas Ray, who threw the script, and rewrote history with Philip Yordan. It's a film under constant tension, like his first plane, an overall plan of the mountains, a rider is coming, and soon a series of explosions occurs (we built a railroad) followed by a Attack of care ... All in just seconds ... This jumper is Johnny Guitar, who has just moved in the saloon Vienna, his ex-mistress. Vienna is struggling with a militia in the pay of the railway company that wants to get out. It is also suspected by the local marshal to protect a gang of thieves led by Dancing Kid in love with Vienna, and finally faces Emma, blinded by jealousy, thirsting for revenge after his brother was killed - believe it - the Kid.

Joan Crawford and Sterling Hayden

That's a lot for a woman alone, waiting for the next track brings in her batch of customers. Meanwhile, his property is empty, but the dealer in order to turn the wheel all the same ... Vienna appears to us in the first scenes wearing a man's suit, black, a whip in his hand. It is austere, authoritarian, dignified, and face to face with Emma tells us about the relationship between these two women. For JOHNNY GUITAR that originality has to contrast two women to death. Emma suffers from morbid jealousy, fascinated by Vienna, in love as no doubt she has much trouble with men. A character consumed by hatred. As in the first act of a tragedy, Nicholas Ray orchestrates a scene of exposure absolutely wonderful, tense, bringing Emma, Vienna, Johnny the Kid, the marshall, his men and the militia. A concentration of latent violence in the room of the saloon, which culminates with the plan of spinning glass on the bar, ready to fall in a dead silence, and the sudden appearance of Johnny, his guitar slung over his shoulder. The frames are absolutely rigorous, dry mounting, but the dialogues are also brilliant. Dancing Kid sees the danger in allowing Johnny to work for Vienna. He felt that these two had a common past loaded and tries to separate them.

Kid: I like you sir, you should come work for me, I have money, I'll start a business.

Johnny I prefer to accept the job offer from Vienna.

Kid : Then you are to me much less sympathetic

Johnny What a pity, sorry, I do not like losing a friend ...

JOHNNY GUITAR is a movie full of surprises, reversals, fights, stampedes, gunfights, and intimate scenes of unparalleled purity. At night, Vienna and Johnny are alone in the kitchen of the saloon. Johnny asks in Vienna: "Tell me lies, tell me you love me." And just repeated in a neutral, academic, "I love only you." "Tell me that you did for five years as I thought." "For five years I have thought only of you." "Thanks." The music rises, Accompanying the kiss of Johnny and Vienna gives the scene a romantic exacerbated sublime, as in the latest film plane, this time just highlighted a song played on guitar. There are characters in Nicholas Ray backflow of feelings, emotions, unspoken that gnaw, ooze, just waiting to explode. Vienna and Johnny they love each other again? "When a fire is extinguished, there are only ashes" meets Vienna.

The color palette (TruColor process, unique to Studio Republic) highlights the colors red, hot, shirts of the players burst of primary colors. Pictorially, this is a great achievement, which only reinforces the dramatic contrasts. The decoration of the saloon, with its first floor beneath beams arranged in a triangle, like a ship, reflects the good taste of Ray for the scenery, for he was a student of Frank Lloyd Wright architect. There will be at the end, this dazzling scene, almost abstract, Vienna in immaculate white dress, only the piano, threatened by the horde of Emma, all black suit (they come from a funeral). See Emma to lead this company, dressed in mourning, still a striking image.

A painful scene for Nicholas Ray, himself a victim of McCarthyism. On land, the young Turkey on trial ...

Beyond the dramatic and pictorial success of this film, we broke another dimension to the figure. JOHNNY GUITAR was conducted in full McCarthyism, and Nicholas Ray himself was suspected for a very left-leaning beliefs. How do see through this plot a condemnation of McCarthy * system? That the law of state officials (The marshall) is less respected than the horse, or a cowboy hat, is the lot of many westerns, in a country and era (Far West) full political integration. But Nicholas Ray goes further. When taken in Vienna is a history of bank robbery, one tries to make him confess his complicity. She refuses to submit. The militia made a prisoner in the band to Kid, the young Turkey, which is threatening to hang without trial. He was blackmailed, he was asked to denounce Vienna. The kid is in tears, and begs Vienna: "What do I say? . She replied: "Save your skin." Non-veiled evocation many statements to the McCarthy committee, where actors and directors have sold some friends to avoid being implicated themselves, starting with Sterling Hayden, the actor who plays Johnny Guitar. But the irony is that Nicholas Ray has assigned the role of John McIvers, the head of the militia at Ward Bond, John Ford's favorite actor, notorious anti-communist, and leader in Hollywood for the hard right. The same McIvers, who at the end of the film, said he tired of the shootings, feels that the chaos is near, and in a burst, leaving Emma to his personal vengeance, by withdrawing his men announced the carnage. The message passed by Nicholas Ray in Hollywood could not be could not be more clear.

Abandoned by his superiors after he attacked the U.S. Army, Senator McCarthy died alcoholic ... (There is justice!)

L e Senator Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957) went to war against the alleged anti-American acts. To complete his minor celebrity, and cure his ego, he attacked particularly denounce the communist ideas in artistic circles, and Hollywood. A blacklist was created to spread the studios of artists suspected of relationship with the Communists: Charlie Chaplin, Jules Dassin, Joseph Losey, Marlene Dietrich, Dalton Trumbo, John Garfield, Martin Ritt, Robert Rossen, the most famous, and therefore Sterling Hayden, who was forced to share a few names, like the director Abraham Polonsky. Disgusted with himself, and filled with remorse, he later became an early advocate of the First Amendment.


Ernest Borgnine, left of the picture, an admirable second role, which excels in all jobs. Right, Scott Brady in the role of Kid.

interpreters of the film are wonderful, the worrying Joan Crawford head, excessively masculinized. His role had been written as a man, and so she was headed. However, the character keeps feminine aspects as dinner plates, porcelain, or takes care of extending a wet shirt to dry. Joan Crawford later said: "There was no excuse for the film to be as bad, and for me to play inside." All Anyone can make mistakes ... In the title role, the monolithic Sterling Hayden, any force, threat, violence and fragility seen in The Killing and Dr. Strangelove Kubrick, WHEN THE CITY SLEEPS Huston, 1900 Bertolucci , THE GODFATHER Coppola . Mercedes McCambridge acts of torture Emma Ward Bond, John Carradine and the always fabulous Ernest Borgnine complementary distribution.

Violent, lyrical, paroxysmal, going against the tide Traditional westerns by changing roles, and making repressed impulses of the heart of the story, JOHNNY GUITAR is an exciting and profound work, coupled with a devilishly effective action movie, with each vision shatters wealth. This is not a classic western, as Darling Clementine, PRISIONNIERE THE DESERT , LIBERTY VALENCE (to name three films by John Ford) in the sense that it does not just to discuss the construction of a country, describing the customs of the Far West, but is the vector of contemporary concerns, which will then westerns filmed in the 60/70.

If you could have five westerns you, it must be prominently.

And like any masterpiece also contains its share of inconsistency, JOHNNY GUITAR is no exception. There is a scene, outdoors, on a bridge. First filmed in profile, Vienna is joined by Johnny. We can clearly see the sun in her eyes, and almost setting sun. In the next shot, front view, we can see the sunset and the orange sky ... But behind them! So how could they have the sun in your eye?! Especially since the next shot, on a parallel action, watch Kid and his gang flee to the mountains ... in broad daylight, under a blue sky! Find the error ... The fault probably a "retake" ie a new shot made in the studio, with transparency effect, then incorporated into assembly at the scene, which she had been shot in decor real. Lack of time, vigilance?

Unless you enjoy excerpts poorly dubbed in Serbo-Croat, or a trailer filmed on a camcorder to TV (!) We limit ourselves to these images, mounted on the song from the movie ...












JOHNNY GUITAR (1954) directed by Nicholas Ray, 1:50, color, 1:37